<p class=“MsoNormal” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;line-height:150%;”><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>摘要</font>:</span></b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>全站仪是一种能测量大范围地形的高海拔地区大气压强大小</font>,并通过GPS和RTK对测杆测得数据进行采集、处理等工作</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。首先是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>全站仪能够在较小区域内使用。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在就是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>与传统仪器相比具有体积更小便于携带、成本低且操作简单</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>的特点，其次是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>应用领域广泛</font>,包括农业生产中各种大型水利建设项目需要监测地面环境参数</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>航空飞行气象测量系统</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>公路工程设计及交通安全监控部门等都离不开全站仪的帮助和支持</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，最后是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强与温度的关系一直是工程测量中一个十分重要且难以解决的问题</font>,而对于全站仪来说,其工作环境较为恶劣</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因此本文通过研究在海拔较高或高温天气条件下对全站仪进行安装误差实验来验证大气温、湿度对实测精度影响。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=“text-align: center”>
<img src=“/image/image?path=group8/M00/28/09/wKgIO2IfNzyAE-HAAAsjqWJsvdw960.png”></p><p class=“MsoNormal” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;line-height:150%;”><br></p><p class=“MsoNormal” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:none;line-height:150%;”><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>一、引言</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>全站仪是一种测量高程的专用仪器。它具有体积小、重量轻、结构简单和操作方便等特点</font>,</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>还在</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在铁路</font>,电力,水利水电工程及矿山企业中得到广泛使用。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>随着技术水平不断提高与发展</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>列车速度逐步提升</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次还</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>向大功率方向前进</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>也</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>对环境要求严格而带来环境问题日益突出</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>全站仪作为一种非接触式测量仪器的重要组成部分已经被世界各国所普遍应用并成为主要测绘新产品之一。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
line-height:150%;”><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>二、</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区大气压强与温度对全站仪测量误差</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>概述</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>一）全站仪产生误差的原因</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“MsoNormal” style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在全站仪使用过程中可能会出现的误差</font>,如基线漂移、外业工作台转动引起测量值偏离正常范围,因接插件接触了角信号。产生这些问题的原因分析:对于不同种类不同大小和方向标的高精度仪器来说定位点也是不一样</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>还</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>由于精密测距设备价格昂贵、生产技术要求高等各种因素影响造成全站仪在使用过程中出现一些误差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><h1 style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>二）</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区产生误差的原因</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></h1><p class=“p” style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先是由于气候条件差</font>,温度变化大等原因，从而导致高海拔地区的大气压强与温湿度对测量结果影响很大，其次</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>海拔越高越容易发生测量误差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>原因是因为测站时需要用到全站仪来进行水平面和垂直高程这两道技术。因此我们在选择仪器设备时要考虑到不同的地区环境所产生影响因素有差别、还要注意所选传感器与地面接触点距离后是否会出现接头等问题等</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后还</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>要保证水准尺能稳定地对中桩位实施读数</font>,从而避免因为地形原因造成测角计算误差变大</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><h1 style=“margin-left:11.9500pt;mso-para-margin-left:1.1400gd;text-indent:12.0000pt;
mso-char-indent-count:1.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;”><!–[if !supportLists]–><span style=“font-family:宋体;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><span style=“mso-list:Ignore;”>（三）</span></span><!–[endif]–><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>温度产生误差的原因</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-outline-level:1;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>温度误差是影响全站仪正常工作的主要因素。当环境湿度较大时</font>,测量人员在作业过程中会接触到大量的高温气体，还由于空气流通不畅会使工作人员和被测物体产生一定程度上及长时间暴露于大气之中而造成仪表气泡、变形等现象，同时也会对仪器内部结构带来损伤以及外界热阻效应导致其响应特性发生改变从而引起误差大小变化，另外由于温度过高或过低都不利于测量工作的开展。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:1;line-height:150%;”><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>三、</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区大气压强、温度测量</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>的分析</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></b></h1><h2 style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>一）</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区大气压强、温度测量</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></h2><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区的大气压强比较小</font>,温度测量时主要采用电感器对电压进行采集,但由于使用的是半导体材料制成的光电二极管和热敏元件构成了电阻式传感器。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当外界环境发生变化时会将转化成变化信号传递到电力电路中去控制电动机或发电机使之运行工作</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在高海拔地区环境温湿度会发生明显改变</font>:气温升高导致大气压强变大</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后由于</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>温度降低引起温度上升而产生电学测量误差</font>,从而间接影响对电压进行采集的精度和稳定性</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>高海拔地区温度测量主要是对大气压强进行检测。在现场的测试中</font>,我们发现,当气压变化时由于大气压差值波动而导致仪器响应曲线不稳定。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>一方面是是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在实际使用过程中需要根据不同情况采取相应措施</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>例如</font>:采用低湿水或干冰等液体代替EPS、红外光敏探测器(MCS)和测温仪来减少温度敏感性对测量数据影响</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>另一方面则是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>利用激光雷达进行测量时需保持一定的距离</font>,保证较高分辨率,避免由于大气压差变化导致的实验误差</span>^{<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;vertical-align:super;”><font face=“宋体”>[1]</font></span>}<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>二）测量方法</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在测量的开始阶段</font>,</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>由于线路对向导线施加了较高压力</font>,</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因此</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>我们可以通过调整大气压强来减小温度变化引起误差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>还有就是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当调节控制阀值时需要保持一定范围内气压差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>调节控制阀后的电压与电流大小关系可分为两类</font>:一类是直流调速器或交流变频器信号输入</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>另一类是定常比恒流转矩调速系统输出</font>(改变回路中负载电阻),这种类型的电压和电流测量方法称为全桥型、半控型及半独立式。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强与温度的测量是高海拔地区对精度要求非常严格</font>,其具体方法包括以下几种: </span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在低纬度范围内采用激光测距仪进行远距离探测</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>该方式具有较好的实时性、可靠性和稳定性等优点但缺点也很明显</font>,如易受外界条件影响(光照强度、气压变化及风速差异比较大)</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>利用热电偶或其他传感器采集温度数据并将其转化为电压信号再传输到计算机中由电脑处理后得到海拔高度信息</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–><span style=“font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><span style=“mso-list:Ignore;”>（三）</span></span><!–[endif]–><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>测量参数</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>对测量中的不同参数</font>,我们可以采取多种方法进行调整,例如:直接使用标尺、放大器等工具在同一个平台上改变电压大小</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>通过调节控制站牌来选择合适的点位和坐标位置</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>采用标准值法确定温度</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当温度达到了标定所规定时就可按下测控器键将其转换为标准值或电流数值输出到显示屏中去进行显示</font>,这样可以避免由于外界条件发生变化而造成测量结果的不准确性误差</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在进行大气压强及温度对全站仪测量精度影响的试验中</font>,我们选取了不同参数下的平均值来计算出相应误差大小。其中测量值随气压</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>而</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>变化</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当气压波动时</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>由于高海拔地区空气湿度较大且不易散失而采用直接平均法得到采样数据</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>同时为了保证样本量足够小以及便于分析处理</font>,也要使用间接最大最小距离法、矢量图像灰度调整系数方法等多种办法相结合进行修正得到相应的大气压强和温度误差曲线图</span>^{<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;vertical-align:super;”><font face=“宋体”>[2]</font></span>}<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–><span style=“font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><span style=“mso-list:Ignore;”>（四）</span></span><!–[endif]–><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强与温度对测量精度</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>的</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>影响</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”> </span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>1、</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强的变化会对测量数据产生影响</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>：</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因此需要控制好温度。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在全站仪结构中</font>,压力传感器与ABS塑料板是通过连接导线进行相连</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当电压较高时</font>(10-25V)由电阻和电容构成一个回路</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>为了减少外界因素引起的误差对实验结果造成干扰或降低试验精度要求可采用热电偶来消除</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>若电压偏低则需使用热敏元件作为仪表测量温度并将其转换为电流信号输入到直流稳压电路中</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>2、</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>精度影响大</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>：</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>主要是由于全站仪的机械结构不同</font>,因此在使用时也会存在一些差异。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>对于大型精密水准设备来说其工作环境要求高差不等且空气湿度大、温度变化快而引起误差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>对于小型标准型测距仪或自动控制装置而言则需要有更高灵敏度和分辨率才能满足这些条件</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>还应考虑到全站仪的机械结构不同</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强对测量精度的影响是非常重要</font>,</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>当空气流速大于</font>25m时,测量值误差会达到最大</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因此在进行全站仪配置前要严格控制好温度和压力</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>为了避免因为外界因素导致测试数据产生偏差必须采取如下措施</font>:</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>一方面是要</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>定期排查仪器设备中存在的问题</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>另一方面要</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>加强监测系统与被测环境之间、大气流通管道和埋地管线等设施的连接程度</font>,</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后还要</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>防止由于人为原因造成测量误差</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>五）</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强对仪器的</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>要求</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强对仪器的精确度有一定要求</font>,因此需要在测量时尽可能保持精确,使其处于最佳工作环境。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>首先是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>尽量减少外界因素影响。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>为了减小仪器误差和提高精度应采取如下措施</font>:</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>要</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>选择具有较高温度敏感性材料或采用特殊处理方法来增加传感器对温度变化反应灵敏度</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>还要</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>使用热电偶或紫外漂片作检测元件进行测试</font>,以消除由于温差引起的测量结果波动、产生较大误差等问题及避免此类现象进一步增大其工作范围</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>（</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>六）</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强对全站仪测量误差的模拟</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>实验</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;
font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></h2><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
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mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>大气压强对测量的误差有一定影响</font>,大气压强对全站仪的测量精度影响较小,可以忽略不计,但对于不同温度条件下进行的误差模拟分析时可能会出现较大偏差。因此需要选择合适型号参数来保证数据处理结果达到精确程度</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>采样频率</font>:由于气压波动引起样本点位置变化导致样本点位改变造成测量值与真实测得值存在一定差异</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在就是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>采样频率对全站仪精度影响很大在</font>±3~6次为宜,但同时又不能忽略其他因素的干扰,否则会出现较大误差偏差</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因此在进行模拟实验时</font>,我们要尽量减小试验中所需环境条件。首先是控制点不要选取太长、其次</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>也不</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>应该选择太短</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>因为全站仪结构简单便于操作</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>其次</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>为了减少外界因素带来的测量误差和影响可以通过人为设置采样周期来实现</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>最后</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>为保证高海拔地区温度变化范围小且不明显等特点可采用双路放射式测温系统</font></span>^{<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;vertical-align:super;”><font face=“宋体”>[3]</font></span>}<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>。</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=“p” style=“margin-top:0.0000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt;
mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
line-height:150%;”><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>四、结论</font></span></b><b><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><!–[if gte mso 9]><xml><w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=“false” DefUnhideWhenUsed=“true” DefSemiHidden=“true” DefQFormat=“false” DefPriority=“99” LatentStyleCount=“260” >
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<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“heading 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“heading 6” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“heading 7” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“heading 8” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“heading 9” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 6” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 7” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 8” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index 9” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 6” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 7” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 8” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toc 9” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Normal Indent” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“footnote text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“annotation text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“header” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“footer” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“index heading” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“caption” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“table of figures” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“envelope address” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“envelope return” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“footnote reference” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“annotation reference” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“line number” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“page number” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“endnote reference” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“endnote text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“table of authorities” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“macro” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“toa heading” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Bullet” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Number” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Bullet 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Bullet 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Bullet 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Bullet 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Number 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Number 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Number 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Number 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Title” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Closing” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Signature” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Default Paragraph Font” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text Indent” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Continue” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Continue 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Continue 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Continue 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Continue 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Message Header” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Subtitle” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Salutation” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Date” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text First Indent” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text First Indent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Note Heading” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text Indent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Body Text Indent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Block Text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Hyperlink” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“FollowedHyperlink” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Strong” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Emphasis” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Document Map” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Plain Text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“E-mail Signature” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Normal (Web)” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Acronym” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Address” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Cite” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Code” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Definition” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Keyboard” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Preformatted” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Sample” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Typewriter” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“HTML Variable” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Normal Table” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“annotation subject” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“No List” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“1 / a / i” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“1 / 1.1 / 1.1.1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Article / Section” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Simple 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Simple 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Simple 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Classic 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Classic 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Classic 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Classic 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Colorful 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Colorful 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Colorful 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Columns 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Columns 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Columns 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Columns 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Columns 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 6” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 7” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid 8” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 4” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 5” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 6” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 7” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table List 8” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table 3D effects 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table 3D effects 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table 3D effects 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Contemporary” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Elegant” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Professional” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Subtle 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Subtle 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Web 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Web 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Web 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Balloon Text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Grid” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Table Theme” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Placeholder Text” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“No Spacing” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Shading” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light List” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Grid” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Dark List” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Shading” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful List” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Grid” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Shading Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light List Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Grid Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 1 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 2 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 1 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“List Paragraph” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Quote” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Intense Quote” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 2 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 1 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 2 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 3 Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Dark List Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Shading Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful List Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Grid Accent 1” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Shading Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light List Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Grid Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 1 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 2 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 1 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 2 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 1 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 2 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Grid 3 Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Dark List Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Shading Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful List Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Colorful Grid Accent 2” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Shading Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light List Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Light Grid Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 1 Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium Shading 2 Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
<w:LsdException Locked=“false” Priority=“99” SemiHidden=“false” Name=“Medium List 1 Accent 3” ></w:LsdException>
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margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;
text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>全站仪的使用对提高测量精度有很大帮助</font>,同时在实际应用中也存在一些问题。例如:对于大气压强值与温度之间关系的研究需要大量实验数据进行分析。目前国内外学者们已经做了很多工作并取得了一定成果但是还不够完善</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>，</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>在就是</font></span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><font face=“宋体”>随着技术发展和成本控制等方面因素导致测试结果不稳定或误差较大</font>(即全站仪无法满足现场使用要求)而影响到测量精度,因此要不断对仪器性能参数改进使其更精确可靠才能达到高海拔地区的具体需求。</span><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p></span></p>